The Federal 2016 Budget brought in changes to the Canada Pension Plan.
Measures agreed to, which started January 1, 2019:
The CPP retirement pension is considered taxable income. The amount you receive is not affected by the amount of any other income.
You are eligible for a CPP retirement pension if:
The CPP retirement pension, as mentioned above, can be obtained as early as age 60. It can also be delayed to age 70. As of 2020, the federal government proactively (automatically) enrolls CPP contributors who are 70 years old or older who have not yet applied to receive their pension. See Canada Pension Plan in brief in the Annual report of the Canada Pension Plan for the fiscal year ending March 31, 2023.
Some Canadians may prefer not to receive a CPP retirement pension, as it could reduce federal and provincial income-tested benefits, so the budget also proposes to extend the opt-out period from 6 months to a year.
When early pension is taken, the pension amount is reduced for each month that you start your pension before age 65. Thus, if you start your pension at age 60, it will be less than if you start it at age 65. We used to say that because you will be receiving the pension for an additional 5 years, and you cannot predict how long you will live, it is usually to your advantage to start it as early as possible. If you have a pension plan which provides bridge benefits from age 60 to 65, you would likely be best to wait until age 65 because taking the pension at 60 could reduce the bridge benefits. The changes in the CPP pension calculations for early take-up and late take-up also make it much more attractive to wait.
Consideration must also be given to the effect of your CPP income on your Old Age Security (OAS) or Guaranteed Income Security (GIS) benefits. Starting your CPP later means a higher income, which could increase your OAS clawback if you have high income, or reduce your eligibility for GIS if you have low income.
The amount of your CPP pension will depend on how many years you have contributed to the Plan, and how much you have contributed. Your CPP pension is not affected by where you live.
A person's CPP retirement pension is calculated as a percentage of their average pensionable earnings during their contributory period. The contributory period starts when he turns 18, or 1966, whichever is later. The contributory period ends when they start collecting the pension.
You can estimate how much your CPP retirement pension will be by referring to your Statement of Contributions, which is accessible online via Service Canada. You can also request that the statement be mailed to you. The table of current monthly average and maximum rates can be found on the Service Canada website. You can use our CPP Retirement Pension Calculator to compare the pension you would receive at different starting dates, based on the amounts in your Statement of Contributions. The Quebec Pension Plan (QPP) equivalent to the statement of contributions is the Statement of Participation, which can also be accessed online, or can be mailed to you based on your online request.
See Calculation of your Canada Pension Plan (CPP) benefit by DR Pensions Consulting. It was Doug Runchey, the owner of DR Pensions Consulting, who discovered that the CPP retirement pension related to the enhanced CPP is not being paid to recent retirees. This is discussed in Rob Carrick's article Canada Pension Plan not paying full benefits to recent retirees due to systems delay.
See the RetireHappy website for a very detailed description of How to calculate your CPP retirement pension.
Finepoint Solutions Inc. has many resources, including videos, simplifying the complexity of the CPP.
TaxTips.ca CPP Retirement Pension Calculator - provides a comparison of the CPP pension you will receive, based on different starting dates, based on your inputs. The main focus of this calculator is how the timing of the start date affects your pension.
You should apply for your CPP retirement pension about 6 months before you would like it to start. You can apply up to a year before you would like it to start. Service Canada indicates that it takes about 8 weeks to receive your first payment, from the time that they receive your application.
See also our article on the Child Rearing Drop-out Provision, which could increase your CPP retirement pension monthly benefits.
You cannot receive both a CPP retirement pension and a CPP disability benefit at the same time. If you are under 65, have been receiving a CPP retirement pension for less than 15 months, and you are eligible for the disability benefit, you can request to have your retirement pension replaced by a disability benefit.
Normally, for residents of Canada, there is no tax deducted from payments of CPP retirement pension. However, you can request that tax be deducted, by visiting the My Service Canada Account (MSCA), or by completing the Request for Voluntary Federal Income Tax Deductions form (ISP 3520). If you previously requested voluntary tax deductions, you can also change or stop the deduction amount using one of these methods. These methods apply to Old Age Security (OAS) voluntary tax deductions as well, but there is another method to change tax deductions related to the OAS clawback.
Canada Pension Plan Rules - discusses old and new rules, and provides factors used to calculate benefits when CPP is taken early or late. This article also provides information on the post-retirement benefit.
Self-employed and filing a tax return more than 4 years late?
Canada Pension Plan retirement pension
OAS GIS and CPP Monthly Maximum Rates
Payment Dates for CPP, OAS, and other government payments
Apply online for your CPP retirement pension - scroll down to the Apply Now icon, or
Download the application form and mail it in.
CPP Statement of Contributions - view and print your statement, or request that it be mailed to you
OAS or CPP recipients can view and update their personal information online
Payment Dates for CPP, OAS, and other government payments