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First Home Savings Account (FHSA) - Tax-Free
Income Tax Act s. 146.6
The FHSA is a registered account to help individuals save for a home. The contributions are tax-deductible and earnings in the account grow tax-free. When the funds are withdrawn to buy a home, the withdrawal is tax-free, and the funds do not have to be repaid. Qualifying individuals should be able to open an FHSA and start contributing on April 1, 2023.
Not sure if you'll ever buy a home? Start an FHSA anyway, unless you're in the lowest tax bracket (TFSA may be better). If you don't buy a home with your FHSA the funds can eventually be transferred tax-free to your RRSP or RRIF, so this is a way to get additional RRSP contribution room. Funds gifted can be used as FHSA contributions, without attribution if gifted from a spouse.
The FHSA has a "maximum participation period" of 15 years, which means it must either be used to purchase a qualifying home, or the funds withdrawn or transferred, within 15 years, or by the end of the year in which the individual turns 71, whichever is earlier.
The legislation for the FHSA is included in Bill C-32, Fall Economic Statement Implementation Act, 2022 which received Royal Assent December 15, 2022.Tax Tips:
- EVERYONE planning to eventually buy a home should open a First Home Savings Account!
- This is not just for FIRST homes.
FHSA Topics
What Can Be Purchased - FHSA Qualifying Home
Who Can Contribute - FHSA Qualifying Individual
How Much Can Be Contributed to an FHSA?
Contributions Transferred from an RRSP to an FHSA
FHSA Excess Contributions - Don't Overcontribute!
FHSA Qualified and Non-Qualified Investments
Taxes Payable re a First Home Savings Account
Withholding Taxes on Foreign Dividends in an FHSA
Buying a Home With an FHSA - Qualifying Withdrawal
RRSP Home Buyers' Plan (HBP) in Conjunction with First Home Savings Plan (FHSA)
Taxable / Tax-Free FHSA Withdrawals
CRA and Department of Finance Resources
What Can Be Purchased - FHSA Qualifying Home
 | a housing unit located in Canada; or |
| a share of the capital stock of a cooperative housing corporation, the holder of which is entitled to possession of a housing unit located in Canada. |
Tax Tip: 2 people can each use their FHSA as well has their RRSP Home Buyers' Plan to jointly purchase their home.
Who Can Contribute - FHSA Qualifying Individual
| resident of Canada; | ||||
| at least 18 years of age; and | ||||
| must not have, at any time in the year the account is opened, or during
the preceding four calendar years, lived in a qualifying home (or
what would be a qualifying home if it was located in Canada) that was owned, whether
jointly or with another person or otherwise, by
|
According to the Department of Finance August 2022 Design of the Tax-Free First Home Saving Account, for this purpose, "ownership is defined broadly and includes beneficial ownership, but excludes a right to acquire less than 10% of a qualifying home".
Tax Tip: If you own a home that you don't live in (e.g. you rent it out), you may still qualify to open an FHSA to save for a principal residence.
How Much Can Be Contributed to an FHSA?
| Annual contributions of up to $8,000 can be made, and are tax-deductible |
| Unlike RRSPs, only contributions made within the calendar year (not within the first 60 days of the following calendar year) can be claimed as a deduction for that calendar/tax year. |
| Similar to RRSPs, contributions made can be carried forward indefinitely and deducted in a later tax year instead of being deducted in the year the contribution is made. |
| Unused contribution room can be carried forward, but only to a maximum of $8,000. |
| Unused contribution room of $8,000 per year starts to accrue when the FHSA is opened, and is reduced by any contributions made. |
| The lifetime contribution limit is $40,000. |
If an individual emigrates from Canada after opening their FHSA, they would still be allowed to contribute. However, any withdrawal made while they are a non-resident would be subject to withholding tax.
Contributions Transferred from an RRSP to an FHSA
Funds can be transferred tax-free from an RRSP to an FHSA subject to the annual and lifetime FHSA contribution limits, unless the RRSP is a spousal RRSP to which spousal contributions have been made in the current year or 2 preceding years.FHSA Excess Contributions - Don't Overcontribute!
Income Tax Act Part XI.01 Taxes in Respect of Registered Plans
The treatment of excess contributions to an FHSA is the same as for a TFSA. If at any time your contributions exceed your annual FHSA limit in the calendar year, or exceed the lifetime limit of $40,000, you have overcontributed.
The tax payable for excess contributions to a First Home Savings Account is 1% per month, for any month in which there is an excess amount at any time in the month. This means there will be tax payable even if the excess amount is withdrawn in the same month in which it is contributed. You may also be charged a penalty of 100% of any income earned from the excess contribution.
Waiver of Tax Payable for an FHSA
Income Tax Act s. 207.06(3)
The Minister of National Revenue may waive or cancel all or part of the tax payable regarding excess amounts if:
| the individual establishes to the satisfaction of the Minister that the liability arose as a consequence of a reasonable error; and | ||||
| one or more distributions are made without delay from the FHSA, the total
amount of which is not less than the total of
|
FHSA Qualified and Non-Qualified Investments
Qualified and non-qualified investments are the same for a First Home Savings Account (FHSA) as they are for a Tax-Free Savings Account (TFSA).
Taxes Payable re a First Home Savings Account
Besides the tax on excess contributions, tax will also be payable if the FHSA carries on a business or holds non-qualified investments. See the article on Taxes Payable re TFSA, where we've noted which taxes also apply to the FHSA.
Withholding Taxes on Foreign Dividends in an FHSA
Withholding taxes will be deducted from foreign dividends received in an FHSA, and these taxes are not recoverable. The Canada-United States Tax Convention (Treaty) provides for US dividends and interest to be received free of tax when earned by a trust which is generally exempt from income taxation in Canada, and which is operated exclusively to administer or provide pension, retirement, or employee benefits. S. 146.2 of the Income Tax Act states that an FHSA is deemed not to be a retirement savings plan.
Buying a Home With an FHSA - Qualifying Withdrawal
Qualifying withdrawals to purchase a home are non-taxable if:
| the individual makes a request for the withdrawal in prescribed form in which the individual indicates the location of a qualifying home that the individual has begun to use as a principal place of residence, or that they intend to use as a principal place of residence no later than one year after its acquisition. | ||||||||
| the individual
| ||||||||
| before the withdrawal, an agreement is in place to purchase or construct the qualifying home before October 1 of the year following the date of the withdrawal | ||||||||
| the individual did not acquire the qualifying home more than 30 days before the withdrawal is made. |
Owner-Occupied Home as per ITA s. 146.01(2)(a.1)
An owner shall be considered to have an owner-occupied home if the individual owns, whether jointly with another person or otherwise, a housing unit or a share of the capital stock of a cooperative housing corporation and
- the housing unit is inhabited by the individual as the individual's principal place of residence at that time, or
- the share was acquired for the purpose of acquiring a right to possess a housing unit owned by the corporation and that unit is inhabited by the individual as the individual's principal place of residence at that time.
RRSP Home Buyers' Plan (HBP) in Conjunction with First Home Savings Plan (FHSA)
Although the draft legislation for the FHSA indicated that the HBP and the FHSA could not both be used for the same home purchase, this was revised in Bill C-32.
This means that individuals can each borrow up to $35,000 from their RRSP through the Home Buyers' Plan as well as withdraw funds from their FHSA in order to purchase a home. If $40,000 is contributed to the FHSA and earns a reasonable rate of return, then the FHSA may be worth considerably more than $40,000 by the time a home is purchased.
Tax Tip: If a home is purchased jointly, each of the joint buyers can use funds from their FHSA and borrow using the RRSP Home Buyers' Plan.
Taxable / Tax-Free FHSA Withdrawals
Withdrawals other than qualifying withdrawals are taxable to the holder of the FHSA, with no attribution to a spouse or common-law partner who may have gifted the funds for the FHSA contributions.
Withdrawals by a non-resident will be subject to withholding tax.
Funds not used for a qualifying home purchase would have to be withdrawn (taxable) or transferred tax-free to an RRSP or RRIF by Dec 31 of the year following the year in which the earlier of these events occurs: | the 14th anniversary of the individual first opening the FHSA |
| the individual turning 70 years old |
| the individual first making a qualifying withdrawal from an FHSA. |
Transfers to an RRSP or RRIF will not be reduced, or be limited by, an individual's RRSP contribution limit.
TaxTips.ca Resources
Free in 30! - Buying a Home is a Good Investment!
Line 31270 Home Buyers' Tax Credit (HBTC)
Federal and Provincial Programs for Home Buyers / Home Owners
Attribution Rules re Gifts, Transfers or Loans to a Spouse or a Related Minor Child
CRA and Department of Finance Resources
Department of Finance August 2022 Design of the Tax-Free First Home Saving Account
Bill C-32, Fall Economic Statement Implementation Act, 2022
Income Tax Folio S3-F10-C2 Prohibited Investments - will eventually be revised to include FHSAs
Income Tax Folio S3-F10-C1, Qualified Investments - Registered Accounts - Tax consequences - carrying on a business - will eventually be revised to include FHSAs
Revised: February 14, 2023